Computer - Internet and Intranet

Internet

It is a worldwide system that has the following characteristics:

Internet is a network of interconnected computer networks worldwide / global system.

Internet using standard Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) of

Each computer on the Internet is identified by a unique IP address.

The IP address is (eg 110.22.33.114) identifies the location of the computer a unique set of numbers.

A special computer's DNS (domain name server) is used to give names to IP addresses, so that the user can search through a computer name.

For example, DNS server resolves the name http://www.smallshopper.net.com to a specific IP address uniquely identifies this web hosting computer.

Each user can have access to the Internet worldwide.

Intranet

Intranet is a system of more than one PC connected to each other.

In computer intranet are not available to the world outside of the internal network.

Typically, each company or organization has its own Intranet network and membership / that company employees can access their internal computer networks.

Each computer in the Intranet is also identified as an IP address is a computer in the LAN is unique.

Computer - Operating System

It is a program with the following features:

An operating system is a program that, as between the software and computer hardware interfaces.

It is a set of integrated, specially planned for the overall management of resources and computer operations.

It is the control and monitoring reside on a computer, including application programs and other system software of all other programs dedicated software executed.

Operating system goals

Causing the computer system to facilitate an efficient way to use

To hide the hardware details from the user's resources

Provides the user interface to the computer system convenient to use

It easier for users to access and use as an intermediary between other hardware resources and its users and make it

Resources to manage computer systems

In order to track what resources to use, who granted the requested resource is based on the use of resources and mediation programs and users of different conflicting demands

In order to provide users and programs between efficiency and equity of resource sharing

Computer Network

What is a computer network?

Where in the computer network is a plurality of computers are connected to each other, in order to share information and resources of the system.

Characteristics of computer networks

Shared resources from one computer to another

Files created, and store them on a computer, to access these files from another computer over a network connection (s) Printer, scanner or fax machine connected to a computer network, allowing the network to other computers through a network of machines.

The following is the hardware needed to set up a computer network list.

Network Cable

Distributors

Router

Built-in network card

Network Cables

Network cables are used to connect computers. The most commonly used cable is Category 5 cable rj-45.

Distributors

A computer can be connected via the serial port to another one, but if we need to connect multiple computers to generate a network, the serial connection will not work. The solution is to use a central agency, which other computers, printers, scanners, etc. can be connected, then the agency will manage or distribute network traffic.

Router

A router is a device acts as the type of computers and other devices are part of a network, wherein the center point. Router is equipped with a hole called port and the computer, and connect to other devices using a network cable router. Now give the day a router to use this computer may not have any physical cable connection in wireless mode.

Computer - Software

Software is a set of programs, which are designed to perform a well-defined function. A program was written to solve a specific problem sequence of instructions.

There are two types of software

System Software

Application software

System Software

System software is a collection of design, operation, control and extend the processing power of the computer program itself. System software is usually manufactured by computer. These software products include low-level language for writing programs, and hardware at a very basic level of interaction. System software as the interface between the hardware and the end user.

Some examples of system software is the operating system, compiler, translator, assembler, and so on.

Application software

The characteristics of the system software as follows:

Shut down the system

Fast

Difficult to design

Difficult to understand

Less interaction

Smaller size

Difficult to operate

Generally written in low-level language

Application software

Application software products are designed to meet the specific needs of the environment in particular. All software applications in the computer lab can be included in the preparation of the application software category.Applications may include a single program, such as a Microsoft Notepad for writing and editing simple text. It can also be set by the program, commonly referred to as a package, which together to complete a task, such as a spreadsheet package.

Examples of applications are the following:

Microsoft Office Suite software

Microsoft Word

Microsoft Excel,

Microsoft Powerpoint

Computer Ports

What is a port?

Port:

Is to use the external device can be connected to a physical machine stops.

It can also be a flow of information from the Internet to your computer or via the program stops.

Here are a few important types of ports:

Serial Port

For an external modem and an old computer mouse

Two versions: 9-pin, 25-pin models

Data travels to 115 kilobits per second

Parallel port

The use of scanners and printers

Also known as the printer port

25-pin models

Also known as IEEE1284 compatible Centronics port

PS / 2 port

Use an old computer keyboard and mouse

Also known as the Mouse Port

Most of the old computer provides two PS / 2 interface, respectively, for the mouse and keyboard

Also known as IEEE1284 compatible Centronics port

Universal serial bus (or USB) port

It can be connected to a variety of external USB devices such as external hard drives, printers, scanners, mice, keyboards and so on.

According to reports, in 1997.

Most computer provides two USB ports, as a minimum.

Data traveling 12 megabytes per second

USB-compatible devices can be powered from the USB port

VGA port

Monitor connected to the computer graphics.

There are 15 holes.

Similar to the serial port connector, but the serial port connector pins have, it has holes.

Power Connector

Three-prong plug

Connected to a wall outlet into a power bar or the computer's power cord

FireWire port

Transfer large amounts of data at very fast speeds.

Connect the camcorder to the computer and video equipment

Data travels 400 to 800 megabits per second

Invented by Apple

Three variants: 4-pin FireWire400 ports, 6-pin connector and a 9-pin FireWire800 FireWire400 interface

Modem Port

Connecting the PC modem telephone network

Ethernet port

And high-speed Internet connection to the network.

Connect the network cable to the computer.

This port is located on the Ethernet card.

Data travels at 10 megabits to 1000 megabits per second depending on network

Computer Motherboard

Board as a single platform to connect all of the computer components together. A motherboard connector CPU, memory, hard drives, optical drives, video cards, sound cards, and other ports, and either directly or through cable expansion card. It can be seen as the backbone of a computer.

Features of Motherboard

A motherboard is equipped with the following features:

Motherboard vary greatly supports various types of components.

Typically memory motherboard supports a single type of CPU and several types.

Graphics card, hard drive, sound card must be properly compatible with the motherboard

Motherboards, chassis, and power must be compatible to work together properly.

Top manufacturers

Intel

ASUS

AOpen

Abit

Biostar

Gigabyte

MSI

Motherboard description

Motherboard installed in the chassis, and by connecting through a pre-drilled small screws securely. Motherboard contains ports to connect all the internal components. It provides a single CPU socket, and for memory, typically one or more slots are available. The motherboard provides port connection floppy, hard drives and optical drives via a ribbon cable. Motherboard with a fan and a special design of the power port.

There is a video card, sound card and other peripheral expansion card slot can be used to connect to the front of the motherboard.

On the left, the board carries a lot of ports to connect the monitor, printer, mouse, keyboard, speakers, and network cable. The board also provides a USB port that allows compatible devices to plug-in / plug out of date, for example, to connect a pen drive, digital camera and so on.

Computer - Read Only Memory

On behalf of read-only memory ROM. From which we can only read, but can not write memory on it. This type of memory is non-volatile. In the manufacturing process information is permanently stored in memory such as. A ROM, such instructions needed to start the computer store. This operation is called bootstrapping. ROM chip is not only used in the computer, but also in other electronic items such as washing machines and microwave ovens.

The following are the various types of the ROM

MROM (masked ROM)

First ROM is hardwired contains program set of data or instructions means. These types of masked ROM is referred to as the ROM they are inexpensive.

PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)

PROM is read-only memory can only be modified once the user. Users buy a blank and enter with the required PROM PROM programming content. PROM chip inside which opened a small fuse was burned when programming. It can be programmed only once, rather than erased

EPROM (Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory)

The EPROM can be obtained by exposing it to ultraviolet light for up to 40 minutes duration is erased. Typically, an EPROM eraser implement this feature. During programming, charges are trapped in the insulated gate region. The charge holding more than ten years, because there is no charge leakage paths. Erase the charge, UV through a quartz window (cover). The exposure to ultraviolet light to dissipate the charge. In normal use quartz lid sealed with stickers.

EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory)

The EEPROM programming and erasing electricity. It can be erased and reprogrammed about 10,000 times. Both the erase and programming, about 4 to 10ms (milliseconds). In the EEPROM, any position can be selectively erased and programmed. A byte erasable EEPROM time, rather than erase the entire chip. Thus, the process of reprogramming is flexible, but slower.